http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/737 Fri, 15 May 2026 12:45:47 GMT 2026-05-15T12:45:47Z http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/953 Entry Barriers to Entrepreneurship: A Concept Note Shukla, Sunil; Awasthi, Dinesh N : An assignment was given to the Entrepreneurship Development Institute of India (EDI) by the National Entrepreneurship Development Board, Department of SSI and ARI, Government of India, New Delhi, to conduct a research on 'Entry Barriers to Entrepreneurship: as perceived by youths'. The assignment was given in the month of March 2000 with the following terms of references (ToR): 1) The study would understand the perception of youths towards entrepreneurship as a career option. 2)The study would understand the factors, which restrict occupational mobility of young employees from employment to entrepreneurship. 3) The study would identify the factors that determine their perception - historical, social & environmental. 4) The study would isolate the enabling and hindering factors to the entry into entrepreneurship. 5) The study, on the basis of analysis, would evolve a policy framework and strategy to create an enabling environment wherein entrepreneurship germinates and grows. Keeping in view the ToR, the study focused on youth primarily because the decisions made at this age are likely to have a lasting effect on life. It is also often argued that young people prefer to gain some experience before starting their own ventures. It was, therefore, decided to cover young employees as well. The study also attempted to understand the perceptions of those employees who have reached the middle management level so that an inclination towards job vis-a-vis self-employmenU entrepreneurship could be assessed from their point of view. Thus, two major segments of sample, viz; (i) students who were at the final stage of graduation or post-graduation, and (ii) employees already in jobs- governmenUpublic, private, or co-operatives, were covered. In all, the study interviewed 1625 respondents individually (653 employees and 972 students). Four states viz. Gujarat, Karnataka, Orissa and Uttar Pradesh (UP) were selected to capture the region specific socio-cultural variations. Three districts/regions in each state were selected for understanding intra-state variations, if any. Due representation was given to females in both the segments of sample- about 30% in students and 15% in employees. Also adequate representation was given to employees of different sectors, i.e., government, private and public. A majority of them were from private sector. Again, majority of respondents were in junior management category, followed by middle, senior and non-management categories. Similarly, due representation was given to varied educational background, family occupation and annual family income. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics like frequency tables, percentages, Cross-tabulations, Chi-square, etc. The highlights of findings are summarised below. Wed, 08 Nov 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/953 2000-11-08T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/782 Role of Institutional and Non-Institutional Finance in the Making of Small Entrepreneurs: A Study of Small Entrepreneurs of Coastal Karnataka Poojary, M Chandra In this paper an attempt is made to understand the role of institutional and non-Institutional finance in the making of small entrepreneurs. In particular the paper looks into the and means through which the small entrepreneurs of Dakshina Kannada District in Karnataka State mobilise finance to meet preliminary expenses and also to make fixed and working capital investments. For the purpose of this paper, an entrepreneur is defined as one who starts/buys/leases a modem small industrial unit with the object of making profit and is also responsible for the management of and risk related with the venture. The paper is divided into two parts. The first part of the paper explains the socio-economic formation in the region of study, Dakshina Kannada, and it also includes details on method and objectives of study. Analysis of data an; some tentative inferences arrived at are found in the second part. Wed, 08 Nov 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/782 2000-11-08T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/781 Development of Rural Entrepreneurship in Tamil Nadu Soundarapandian, M The labour force in India is increasing at 205 percent per annum but employment is increasing only by 2.2 percent annum. Agriculture is not able to provide gainful employment to the surplus rural labour. Development planners are, therefore turning towards non-farm employment generation. Employment potential of cottage and rural small industries. Size and composition of family and hired labour, differential contribution of men and women to the household employment among the workers, wage rates and intensity of employment are some of critical issues that need to be analysed to comprehend the employment and income aspects of rural entrepreneurs. In the preparation of every Five Year Plan, and formulation of industrial policy, the Government of India has repeatedly expressed that employment and income generation for the rural poor as its policy adjective and underlined the need to promote the rural, small and labour intensive industries. Approach paper the Eighth Five Year Plan 1990-95 observed that the numerous state interventions reservations, fiscal discrimination favouring small industry, subsidies, promotional measures during the last three decades have been half hearted and ineffective. Many studies in South India found that the cost of employment generation has been formed to be low in brick manufacturing, handloom industry, grain processing and oil seed processing. Rural service enterprises such as bicycle repairing, agricultural implements servicing, tailoring, tyre cart operation for local transport were formed to enjoy more employment for local transport were formed to enjoy more employment potential. With minimum outlays, they are able to generate productive, gainful and sustaining work opportunities which have helped in reducing the incidence of poverty among rural poor. The present study attempts to analyse the employment and income potentials of rural industries in of Tamil Nadu. Wed, 08 Nov 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/781 2000-11-08T00:00:00Z http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/780 Founder Characteristics and Start-Up Policies of Entrepreneurial Ventures: A Comparison between British and Indian Enterprise Manimala, Mathew J Research on entrepreneurship has had its focus shifting between the person, the project and the environment, depending on the paradigm's chosen by researchers. The two main paradigms guiding entrepreneurship research are: (1) the strategic choice model and (2) the population ecology model (see Manimala 1992 for a detailed discussion of the two models). Researchers who believe in the strategic choice model would tend to focus on the entrepreneurial personality, while those who believe in the population ecology model would tend to focus on the role of the environment in stimulating entrepreneurship. The 'project' is conveniently interpreted by the protagonists as the creation of the person or the environment, depending on the paradigm they believe in. Wed, 08 Nov 2000 00:00:00 GMT http://dspace.ediindia.ac.in:8181/xmlui//handle/123456789/780 2000-11-08T00:00:00Z